Самой первой «Ладой», получившей новую трансмиссию, стала Priora. Эту модель с АМТ «АвтоСреда» испытала летом прошлого года в Белоруссии (ищите наш тест на avtosreda.ru). В феврале 2015 года АВТОВАЗ запустил в продажу седан LADA Granta c «роботом». Тестируем новинку.
Что в «коробке»?
Весь «пакет» шестерёнок достался АМТ от вазовской «механики», а вот блок переключения передач разработан совместно с мировым лидером в технике привода и подвески – немецким концерном ZF (ZF Friedrichshafen AG). В процессе «сотворения» перед конструкторами стояла очень непростая задача: необходимо было учитывать тяжёлые условия эксплуатации и сделать автомобиль максимально надёжным и при этом не дорогим.
Как утверждают создатели АМТ, блок управления в коробке (электронная плата, актуаторы механизма переключения передач и электромеханического сцепления) не требуют обслуживания и регулировки в процессе эксплуатации. Кроме того, они рассчитаны на самые суровые климатические условия. Передвигаться с такой трансмиссией можно как в районах Крайнего Севера при температуре до минус сорока градусов, так и в местах с жарким климатом, где воздух прогревается до плюс пятидесяти.
Все провода, клеммы и плату конструкторы заботливо защитили от влаги и пыли. Так что новая КП будет правильно функционировать как минимум лет десять. Ставится АМТ на «Гранты» с 1,6-литровым 106-сильным мотором. Автомобиль при этом оснащен только двумя педалями – акселератора и тормоза.
Как едет?
В плане эксплуатации АМТ крайне проста. Здесь 4 режима переключения: N – нейтраль, А – режим автоматического переключения, R – задний ход и M – режим ручного выбора передач. Чтобы начать движение необходимо перевести рычаг коробки в положение A, нажать на педаль тормоза и только потом уже переводить ногу на педаль акселератора. Кстати, завести мотор можно только после того, как водитель надавит на самую широкую педаль.
В спокойном режиме передачи переключаются в районе 2500 об/мин. При агрессивном вождении переход на более высшую ступень производится на 5000 об/мин. Разгон от 0 до 100 км/ч по сравнению с «механикой» больше на 1,5 – 2 секунды. До заветной «сотки» LADA Granta с АМТ поднимает стрелку за 12,5 секунды (с «механикой» – 10,9 с).
Как и положено любому «роботу» в момент переключения происходит «кивок» автомобиля. Сказать, что машину раскачивает, как катер на волнах, было бы не честно. Пассажиры этот момент вообще могут и не заметить, а вот водитель отчётливо почувствует, как автомобиль слегка «клюнет носом», а потом передок вновь поднимется вверх и машина продолжит ускорение. Тем же, кто предпочитает аналоговое управление, можно по старинке дёргать рычаг в ручном режиме вперёд и назад. Для обгонов в таком режиме надо вручную скинуть на несколько скоростей вниз и уже потом совершать манёвр.
Но зачем, когда «автоматика» всё то же самое делает за тебя? Причём управлять этим процессом можно манипулируя педалью газа. На светофорах и в пробках управлять АМТ как «автоматом» не стоит – если постоянно держать селектор в автоматическом режиме, то срок службы сцепления будет заметно меньше. Чтобы избежать этих моментов на «приборке» предусмотрительно зажигается индикатор «шестеренка», а мигание этого индикатора сообщает водителю о перегреве сцепления. Как ни крути, а всё-таки это изначально «механика». Зато эта трансмиссия прощает ошибки зевакам. Если отпустить педаль тормоза, автомобиль не начнёт движение, пока пилот не нажмёт на педаль акселератора.
Помогает экономить на топливе
Первый пункт, по которому АМТ выигрывает у «автомата», можно выделить в графе «простота конструкции». Проще механизм, соответственно меньше затрат при ремонте. Второй – более низкий расход топлива. Если на уже знакомой коробке от японской фирмы Jatco паспортный расход бензина на самом 106-сильном моторе в смешанном цикле составляет 8 литров, то с автоматизированной механической трансмиссией этот показатель будет ниже на литр, а то и два.
Третье преимущество АМТ, это, конечно же, стоимость такой трансмиссии. Самая богатая версия седана LADA Granta с четырехступенчатым автоматом стоила около 490 тысяч рублей, а «робот» на такой же машине обойдется в 474 700 р. Именно поэтому АВТОВАЗ решил отказаться от иностранной АКПП в пользу АМТ собственной разработки – чтобы автомобили LADA стали доступнее, не потеряв в качестве и комфорте.
С чем продают?
Седан LADA Granta с автоматизированной механической трансмиссией доступен в двух комплектациях – «Норма» и «Люкс». В первую версию «Гранты» с АМТ всего за 421 300 рублей уже входят антиблокировочная система тормозов с усилителем экстренного торможения (ABS+BAS), электронная система распределения тормозных усилий (EBD), подушка безопасности водителя, электроусилитель рулевого управления, кондиционер и электростеклоподъемники передних дверей.
Люксовый вариант стоит те самые 474 700 рублей, он дополнен «эйрбегом» переднего пассажира, противотуманками, подсказчиком МКПП в комбинации приборов, задними электростеклоподъемниками, парктроником, круиз-контролем, климатической системой, датчиками света и дождя, электроприводом и обогревом боковых зеркал, подогревом передних сидений и мультимедийной системой с сенсорным экраном, FM, USB, SD-картой, Bluetooth и Handsfree.
Павел Атрощенко
фото автора и АВТОВАЗ
Чем АМТ отличается от вазовской «механики»?
Новая трансмиссия базируется на конструкции модернизированной коробки передач 2180, но имеет ряд отличий:
· исключен внутренний механизм переключения, тросовый привод переключения, привод сцепления, включая трос и блок педалей, т.е. непосредственная механическая связь управления процессом переключения передач;
· введены электромеханические устройства (актуаторы) управления процессами выключения сцепления и переключения передач;
· введены датчик оборотов первичного вала, контроллер управления автоматизированной коробкой передач и селектор выбора режимов работы трансмиссии;
· привод управления с тросами заменен на электрически управляемый селектор.
Автосалон «Полад-Авто»,
официальный дилер LADA:
г. Тольятти, пересечение ул. Транспортной
и Обводного шоссе, тел. (8482) 42-08-10, polad-auto.lada.ru
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